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阿托伐他汀对高脂血症患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度及凝血系统的影响 青岛大学医学院附属心血管病医院 林培林 王涛 李雅男 曹广智 [摘要] 目的 通过对阿托伐他汀调脂同时对高脂血症患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及凝血系统影响的观察,探讨其非调脂作用。 方法 选取高脂血症患者35例为血脂紊乱组,口服阿托伐他汀10mg,Qd, 12周,血脂正常患者35例为正常对照组,分别对血脂紊乱组治疗前及12周后两组进行血脂总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、IMT、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶原时间(TT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)检查。 结果 与治疗前及血脂正常组比较,血脂紊乱组治疗12周后的TC、TG、LDL-C、FIB均有显著降低(p均<0.01),HDL-C明显升高(p<0.05),颈动脉IMT明显变薄(p<0.05),TT、APTT 均有显著延长(p均<0.01)。PT明显升高(p<0.05)。TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、IMT、FIB、PT均接近血脂正常组各指标, 比较无明显差异(p>0.05)。TT、APTT均超出血脂正常组,比较有明显差异(p<0.05)。 结论 阿托伐他汀在有效调脂同时可发挥其非调脂作用,逆转或延迟颈动脉IMT的进程,并改善凝血系统。 [关键词] 阿托伐他汀;颈动脉; IMT;凝血;非调脂
Effect
of atorvastatin on intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery
and coagulative of hyperlipidemic patient
Lin Peilin,Wang
Tao. The affiliated cardiovascular hospital , Medical college of
Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071,China
[Abstract]
Objective To
object the nonlipid-lowering of atorvastatin by observating the effect
of on intima-media thickness(ITM)of
the common carotid artery and coagulative system with
the lipid-lowering. Methods
Thirty five hyperlipidemic patients were signed disorder
lipidemic group. Thirty five normal lipidemic patients were signed
normal lipidemic group.The disorder lipidemic group was given
atorvastatin 10mg qd . The total period of treatment was 12 weeks. TC,
TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, IMT, fibrinogen(FIB), thrombin time (TT), activated
partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were
determind in disorder lipidemic group of pretreatment and in two
groups after 12 weeks. Results
TC, TG, LDL-C, FIB were decreased significantly(p<0.01)in
disorder lipidemic group after 12 weeks. IMT was decreased
significantly(p<0.05).
HDL-C, PT were increased significantly (p<0.05) . TT, APTT
were increased significantly(p<0.01). They were compared
with normal lipidemic group, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, IMT, FIB and PT
were not significant(p>0.05). TT、APTT
were significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion Atorvastatin
could cause regression of structural changes in IMT of the common
carotid artery and improve coagulation system by the nonlipid-lowering
with the lipid-lowering. [Key words] Atorvastatin; Carotid artery; IMT; Coagulative system; Nonlipid-lowering 他汀类药物可以有效降低TC、TG、LDL-C,同时还在一定程度上升高HDL-C,是目前降LDL-C最强的调脂药,研究发现他汀类药物治疗带来的临床益处远远超出其调脂作用所产生的,其非调脂机制[1]已渐引起临床的重视,尤其对平滑肌增生的抑制及凝血机制的影响在临床上的作用备受关注。本文旨在通过对颈动脉IMT及凝血机制的观察,评价他汀类药物的非调脂作用。 对象与方法 1. 研究对象: 血脂紊乱组35例高脂血症患者其中男20例,女15例,单纯型23例,混合型12例,平均年龄59.6±8.9(38-75)岁,血清TC≥5.98mmol/L或合并血清TG≥2.0mmol/L。血脂正常组血脂正常患者35例,男20例,女15例,平均年龄58.2±8.6(36-74)岁。同时排除高血压、冠心病、甲状腺疾病、肝肾疾病及糖尿病。两组在性别、年龄方面经统计学处理无显著差异(P﹥0.05)。 2.治疗与观察方法: 入选后血脂紊乱组每天服用阿托伐他汀(Atorvastatin
,商品名阿乐,北京红惠制药公司生产)10mg,晨顿服,共12周。观察该组治疗前和用药12周后采用酶法测TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C,普利生2000-1血凝仪测纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶原时间(TT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT),采用日本阿洛卡公司SSD-1700彩色超声仪测量颈动脉IMT,
血脂正常组于12周时观察以上数据。所有研究对象在试验期间保持平时的生活和饮食习惯,不应用其他影响血脂代谢和凝血机制的药物。 3.统计学发方法: 1. 血脂紊乱组治疗后与治疗前及血脂正常组血脂比较结果见表1。血脂紊乱组治疗12 周后与治疗前比较,TC、TG、 LDL-C 均显著降低(P<0.01),HDL-C明显升高(P<0.05),接近组血脂正常组水平,与之组比较均无显著差异(P均>0.05)。
表1
A组治疗后与治疗前及B组血脂参数的比较结果
注:治疗后组内对照t检验**P<0.01,*P<0.05,与对照组对照t检验P>0.05 2
. 血脂紊乱组治疗后与治疗前及血脂正常组颈动脉IMT及凝血指标比较结果见表2。 血脂紊乱组治疗12周后与治疗前比较,IMT明显变薄(p<0.05),
FIB显著降低(P<0.01),
略高于血脂正常对照组IMT及FIB数值(P>0.05)。TT
、APTT、PT改善(p均<0.05),TT
、APTT超出正常对照组(P<0.05),PT超出血脂正常对照组(P>0.05)。血脂紊乱组亚组分析,单纯高脂血症与混合型高脂血症患者IMT、FIB、TT
、APTT、PT之间比较差异无显著性(P均>0.05)。颈动脉IMT变化与凝血各指标FIB、TT
、APTT、PT间相关性分析,
无显著相关性(P>0.05)。
3.
不良反应
血脂紊乱组腹胀1例,GPT升高(<正常上限的1倍)1例,无退出试验,不良反应的发生率为5.7%。 表2
血脂紊乱组治疗前、后及血脂正常组颈动脉IMT及凝血指标的比较结果
注:治疗后组内对照t检验*
*P<0.01, *P<0.05,与对照组对照t检验##P<0.05,
#P>0.05 讨论 本研究所得结果还 本研究证实他汀类药物在有效调脂同时可逆转或延迟颈动脉IMT的进程,并改善凝血系统,通过减少血小板聚集及降低FIB含量从而降低凝血反应,在临床上具有广泛的应用前景。逆转或延迟颈动脉IMT的作用不单一依赖于调脂作用或调脂外的改善凝血机制作用,而是两者的协同作用。不足之处在于观察的病例较少,且他汀类药物其他调脂外的作用,如改善内皮功能、抑制炎症反应未做观察,应进一步开展相应的研究,更全面地了解其调脂外作用的临床益处,并广泛应用于临床,使更多患者受益。 参考文献 1. Brown BG, Zhao XQ. Importace ofendothelial function in mediating thebenefits of lipid-lowering therapy[J].Am J Cardiol ,1998,82:49T-52T. 2. Brown Ms, Gold JL. A recepter-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis[J].Science, 1986,232:34-47. 3. Fukumoto Y, Libby P, et al.Statins alter smooth muscle ceel accumulation and collagen content in established atheroma of watanabe heritable hyperlipidmic rabbits[J]. Circulation, 2001,103:993-999. 4. Alfon J, Guasch JF, Berrozpe M, et al. Nitric oxide synthaseII(NOS II) gene expression correlates with atherosclerotic intimal thickening. Preventive effects of HMG-COA reductase inhibitors[J]. Atherosclerosis,1999,145(2):325-331. 5. Gotto FM. Lipid-lowering therapy for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,1999,33:2078-2082. 6. Knapp AC, Huang J, Starling G,et al. Inhibitors of HMG-COA reductase sensitize human smooth muscle cells to Fas-ligand and cytokine-induced cell death [J]. Atherosclerosis, 2000,152:217-227. 7. Undas A, Brummel KE, Musial J, et al. Simvastatin depresses blood clotting by inhibiting activation of prothrombin, factor V, and factor X III and by enhancing factor Va inactivation[J]. Circulation,2001,103:2248-2253. 8. Joukhadar C, Klein n, Prinz M, et al. Related Articles. Similar effects of atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin on thrombogenic and inflammatory parameters in patients with hypercholesterolemia[J]. Thromb Haemost,2001,85:47-51. 9. Laufs U, Geryz K, Huang P, et al. Atorvastatin upregulates type III nitric oxide synthase in thrombocytes, decreases platelet activation, and protects from cerebral ischemia in normocholesterolemic mice[J]. Stroke, 2000,31:2442-2449. 10. 羊镇宇, 薄小萍, 朱剑秋. 氟伐他汀对该胆固醇血症患者血小板化合功能及胰岛素抵抗的影响[J]. 中华心血管病杂志, 2000,28:264-266.
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